Novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) is a new outbreak infectious disease. There is no effective intervention for the severe patients, and their prognosis is poor. In the sixth edition of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program issued by the State, the treatment on severe and critical cases is emphasized and the application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) therapy is specially mentioned. Relevant diagnosis and treatment programs and suggestions are also issued in many provinces, cities and autonomous regions, mostly referring to TCM prevention and treatment on severe cases. Through the analysis on the syndrome differentiation and treatment and medication rules of TCM in preventing and treating severe cases of NCP, which published in different versions of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program, it is proposed that the treatment for severe and critical NCP cases should be performed under the guidance of Chinese medical theory, which focuses on the integration of TCM and modern western medicine, emphasizes the Chinese medical concept of "prevention of disease progress", and takes advantage of TCM comprehensive treatment. It is necessary to establish the standard of Chinese medical syndrome, diagnosis and efficacy evaluation as soon as possible, so as to better play the role of TCM in prevention and treatment.