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探讨心脉隆注射液对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心力衰竭患者心功能及炎症因子、miR-23a水平的影响。
纳入老年AMI后心力衰竭患者120例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各60例。两组患者均给予常规治疗,治疗组患者在常规治疗基础上给予心脉隆注射液静脉滴注,治疗周期为7 d。治疗前后,检测所有患者的心功能指标[包括左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、每搏输出量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)]、炎症因子[包括白介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及外周血miR-23a水平,并采用Pearson相关分析评价患者的miR-23a水平与心功能指标、炎症因子、NT-proBNP水平的相关性。
①治疗后,两组患者的LVEF、SV水平较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的LVEF、SV水平高于对照组(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。②治疗后,两组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。③治疗后,两组患者的外周血miR-23a水平较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的外周血miR-23a水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。④治疗前,患者的miR-23a水平与IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平呈负相关。
与常规疗法相比,心脉隆注射液结合常规疗法治疗老年AMI后心力衰竭患者,能够更好地改善患者的心功能和炎症状态,升高外周血miR-23a的表达水平,具有一定的临床治疗价值。
Objective: To explore the effect of Xinmailong Injection on the heart function and the levels of inflammatory factors and miR-23a in elderly patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
A total of 120 elderly patients with heart failure after AMI were included and randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, 60 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with routine treatment, and the patients in the treatment group were treated with intravenous drip of Xinmailong Injection on the basis of routine treatment, with a course of 7 days. Before and after treatment, the levels of cardiac function indexes including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and peripheral blood miR-23a level were detected. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the miR-23a level and the cardiac function indexes, inflammatory factors and NT-proBNP levels of the patients.
①After treatment, the levels of LVEF and SV in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), the levels of LVEDD and LVESD were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of LVEF and SV in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), the levels of LVEDD and LVESD were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). ②After treatment, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP and NT-proBNP in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP and NT-proBNP in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). ③After treatment, the levels of peripheral blood miR-23a in both groups were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the level of peripheral blood miR-23a in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). ④Before treatment, the miR-23a level of the patients was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP and NT-proBNP.
Compared with conventional therapy, Xinmailong Injection combined with conventional therapy can better improve the cardiac function and inflammatory status, and increase the expression level of peripheral blood miR-23a in treating elderly patients with heart failure after AMI, which has certain clinical treatment value.
心血管疾病是导致死亡的全球第一位原因,根据《中国心血管疾病报告2018》,中国患有心血管疾病的人数约为2.9亿[
动物原料是传统药物资源的重要组成部分,大量的动物原料由于其特殊的生物活性,已被开发为现代中成药或西药,美洲大蠊即是常用的动物原料之一。由于美洲大蠊来源丰富、成本低廉、药用价值具有较大的发展潜力,自20世纪80年代以来,中国药理学教授李淑南以美洲大蠊为研究对象,开发出一系列新药(如抗癌药液、心脉隆注射液、甘龙胶囊等),这些新药被用于抗肿瘤、改善心脏功能、抑制肝纤维化、保护胃肠道黏膜等多个领域[
微RNA(microRNA,miR)在调节心血管疾病的病理过程中具有重要的作用,参与急性炎症过程,与心肌缺血再灌注损伤和心肌细胞凋亡均密切相关[
本研究以老年AMI后心力衰竭患者为研究对象,在西医常规治疗基础上联合采用心脉隆注射液治疗,观察联合治疗对患者心功能及炎症因子、miR-23a水平的影响,为心脉隆注射液的临床应用提供参考依据。
参照《急性心肌梗死中西医结合诊疗指南》[
1.2.1 纳入标准
符合上述AMI诊断标准;住院期间发生心力衰竭;年龄≥60岁;患者均知情同意,自愿参加本研究,并签署知情同意书。
1.2.2 排除标准
合并房室传导阻滞者;合并主动脉夹层或肺栓塞者;凝血功能障碍者;合并感染性疾病者;合并恶性肿瘤者。
1.2.3 剔除、脱落标准
依从性差,未完成治疗周期者;研究期间接受其他药物治疗者;治疗后未接受相关指标检测者;因不良反应等退出研究者;不明原因脱落者。
纳入病例为2019年1月至2020年12月在河南中医药大学附属洛阳市中医院住院的AMI后心力衰竭患者,共计120例。患者纳入后随机抽取带有编号的信封,按照奇偶数法将患者平均分为治疗组和对照组,每组各60例。本研究方案已通过河南中医药大学附属洛阳市中医院伦理委员会批准,伦理批号:20190110。本研究未对研究对象及治疗医师实施盲法,但研究数据的收录与统计均由专人负责,且数据分析人员不知晓分组情况,治疗操作者不参与数据分析。
1.4.1 对照组
参照《急性心肌梗死中西医结合诊疗指南》[
1.4.2 治疗组
治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上,给予心脉隆注射液(云南腾药制药股份有限公司产品,国药准字Z20060443,规格:2 ml/支)静脉滴注,心脉隆注射液6 ml+100 ml 5%葡萄糖溶液,每日1次,连续治疗1周。
1.5.1 一般情况
入组时,收集所有患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、发病至就诊时间、收缩压、心率、Killip分级、N末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)水平、既往史、其他相关实验室检测指标水平及病变血管情况、植入支架数、血管残余狭窄率等。血管狭窄评估:直径狭窄率(%)=(1-MLD/RVD)×100%,MLD为最小血管直径,RVD为参考血管直径,均为靶病变近端和远端5 mm处参考血管段的平均值。直径狭窄率为50%~70%为轻度狭窄,≥70%为重度狭窄。
1.5.2 心功能指标检测
治疗前后,运用多普勒超声心动图,连续观察3个心动周期,测量左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、每搏输出量(stroke volume,SV),计算左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF),均取3次测量的平均值。
1.5.3 炎症因子水平检测
治疗前后,抽取患者的清晨空腹静脉血,以3 000 r/min的速度离心10 min,留取血清,置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清白介素(interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,试剂盒均为Abcam公司产品;采用免疫速率法检测血清超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平。
1.5.4 NT-proBNP水平检测
治疗前后,检测两组患者的血清NT-proBNP水平。
1.5.5 miR-23a水平检测
采用定量反转录PCR(quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR,qRT-PCR)方法检测所有患者的外周血miR-23a水平。miR-23a上游引物序列5′-CGATGAACGTTGCAACGCTG-3′,下游引物序列5′-GTCGTGCGAACGCTGAGCTG- 3′;U6上游引物序列5′-CGCGTCGTGATCGTACC TAGTAACTCG-3′,下游引物序列5′-AGCTACCGC TGTCGCACATG-3′。根据2-ΔΔCt公式计算出miR-23a的相对表达水平。
运用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以ˉx±s表示,采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以中位数(25%四分位数,75%四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,采用秩和检验。计数资料以例数(%)表示,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。miR-23a与心功能指标、炎症因子水平的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
治疗前,两组患者的年龄、性别构成、发病至就诊时间、收缩压、Killip分级、治疗方法[包括溶栓、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)]、既往史、相关实验室检测指标、病变血管情况及植入支架数等资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见
观察项目 | 治疗组 (n=60) | 对照组 (n=60) |
---|---|---|
年龄(ˉx±s,岁) | 69.1±4.0 | 68.3±4.3 |
性别[例(%)] | ||
男性 | 38(63.3) | 35(58.3) |
女性 | 22(36.7) | 25(41.7) |
BMI(ˉx±s,kg/m2) | 24.1±3.6 | 24.3±3.4 |
发病至就诊时间(ˉx±s,h) | 11.2±2.9 | 12.4±3.5 |
收缩压(ˉx±s,mmHg) | 147.2±6.3 | 145.5±5.6 |
心率(ˉx±s,次/min) | 115.3±8.6 | 112.5±10.8 |
Killip分级[例(%)] | ||
Ⅱ级 | 28(46.7) | 26(43.3) |
Ⅲ级 | 32(53.3) | 34(56.7) |
治疗方法[例(%)] | ||
PCI | 36(60.0) | 39(65.0) |
溶栓 | 24(40.0) | 21(35.0) |
既往史[例(%)] | ||
高血压 | 34(56.7) | 32(53.3) |
高脂血症 | 20(33.3) | 21(35.0) |
糖尿病 | 20(33.3) | 16(26.7) |
冠心病家族史 | 4(6.7) | 5(8.3) |
陈旧性心肌梗死病史 | 6(10.0) | 8(13.3) |
PCI治疗史 | 1(1.7) | 2(3.3) |
冠状动脉搭桥术治疗史 | 3(5.0) | 2(3.3) |
实验室检查指标(ˉx±s) | ||
血肌酐(mol/L) | 105.8±11.8 | 108.3±12.3 |
血红蛋白(g/L) | 124.8±19.2 | 126.8±18.4 |
白细胞计数(×109/L) | 11.0±3.1 | 10.6±2.5 |
肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(TnⅠ,ng/ml) | 14.1±4.0 | 13.2±3.4 |
肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB,ng/ml) | 35.6±4.8 | 36.5±5.2 |
miR-23a-3p | 0.5±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 |
病变血管[例(%)] | ||
左主干 | 4(6.7) | 2(3.3) |
右冠状动脉 | 5(8.3) | 8(13.3) |
左前降支 | 48(80.0) | 45(75.0) |
左回旋支 | 3(5.0) | 5(8.3) |
血管狭窄程度[例(%)] | ||
轻度狭窄 | 32(53.3) | 37(61.7) |
重度狭窄 | 28(46.7) | 23(34.3) |
植入支架数[M(P25, P75),个] | 1(1,2) | 1(1,2) |
血管残余狭窄率(%) | 11.7±4.1 | 12.5±3.2 |
治疗前,两组患者的LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD、SV水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的LVEF、SV水平较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的LVEF、SV水平高于对照组(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。见
组 别 | 观察 时点 | LVEF | LVEDD(mm) | LVESD(mm) | SV(ml) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗组 (n=60) | 治疗前 | 0.43±0.05 | 58.96±4.86 | 46.37±5.14 | 13.15±1.62 |
治疗后 | 0.59±0.11*# | 53.81±3.17*# | 39.54±4.18*# | 19.41±3.05*# | |
对照组 (n=60) | 治疗前 | 0.41±0.06 | 59.32±4.15 | 44.85±5.21 | 12.92±1.25 |
治疗后 | 0.56±0.10* | 56.71±3.62* | 42.85±4.36* | 15.01±2.74* |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,#P<0.05
治疗前,两组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。见
组 别 | 观察 时点 | IL-6 (mg/L) | TNF-α (mg/L) | hs-CRP(mg/L) | NT-proBNP(ng/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗组 (n=60) | 治疗前 | 30.4±6.7 | 255.1±26.3 | 24.7±4.6 | 958.3±63.1 |
治疗后 | 16.7±3.2*# | 174.6±13.9*# | 12.1±3.9*# | 236.5±38.1*# | |
对照组 (n=60) | 治疗前 | 29.6±6.3 | 251.3±20.6 | 23.6±5.3 | 941.3±52.3 |
治疗后 | 20.6±3.4* | 215.6±16.8* | 16.8±3.6* | 426.3±45.2* |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,#P<0.05
治疗前,两组患者的外周血miR-23a水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的外周血miR-23a水平较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组患者的外周血miR-23a水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 60 | 0.5±0.1 | 2.8±0.5*# |
对照组 | 60 | 0.4±0.1 | 1.5±0.3* |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,#P<0.05
治疗前,患者的miR-23a水平与心功能指标水平无相关性,与IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平呈负相关。见
指标 | r | P |
---|---|---|
LVEF | -0.236 | 0.312 |
LVEDD(mm) | 0.034 | 0.847 |
LVESD(mm) | 0.104 | 0.152 |
SV(ml) | -0.039 | 0.814 |
IL-6(mg/L) | -0.585 | 0.009 |
TNF-α(mg/L) | -0.514 | 0.014 |
hs-CRP(mg/L) | -0.625 | 0.003 |
NT-proBNP(ng/L) | -0.685 | 0.001 |
AMI诱发心力衰竭的发病率仅次于心律失常诱发心力衰竭,且AMI合并心力衰竭患者的病死率是未合并心力衰竭患者的3倍[
相关临床研究表明,心脉隆注射液能改善气阳两虚、瘀血内阻证慢性心力衰竭患者的临床症状[
miR主要通过与3'-非翻译区的结合,在转录后调控基因的表达,在心脏发育中,miR是功能性心脏组织形成所必需的,并且研究者已发现多种miR是心脏发育阶段重要的调节剂[
综上,心脉隆注射液结合常规疗法治疗老年AMI后心力衰竭患者,可有效改善患者的心功能,减轻炎症反应,增加miR-23a表达水平,同时,miR-23a水平升高可能对减轻AMI后心力衰竭患者的炎症反应有一定帮助。
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