Published:25 May 2024,
Received:10 January 2024,
Revised:19 March 2024
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Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Dingxuan Shuyu Decoction in treating patients of hypertension combined with anxiety.
A total of 74 patients of hypertension combined with anxiety with type of yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity, who were intolerance to anxiolytics, were included, and randomly divided into treatment group and a control group, 37 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were given conventional antihypertensive drugs. Based on above, the patients in the treatment group were orally treated with Dingxuan Shuyu Formula, and the patients in the control group were orally treated with placebo, with a course of 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and self-rating sleep scale (SRSS), and the total scores of traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome in the two groups were evaluated and compared, and the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the patients in both groups were detected.
After treatment, the scores of GAD-7, HAMA and SRSS, and the total scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group were also decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).
Dingxuan Shuyu Formula has good clinical effect in the treatment of hypertension combined with anxiety. It can improve the anxiety and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of the patients, and decrease the blood pressure, with good safety.
焦虑等心理问题对心血管疾病的发生、发展影响日益增大,这与“双心医学”理论不谋而合[
在中医学中,高血压可归属于“眩晕”范畴,焦虑可归属于“郁证”范畴,高血压伴焦虑可归为“郁证性眩晕”范畴,临床表现主要有眩晕、心神不宁、心悸、失眠等[
对于高血压伴焦虑的治疗,临床除给予降压药治疗外,常选用抗焦虑抑郁药物(如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、苯二氮䓬类药物等)进行干预。然而,抗焦虑抑郁药物的副作用较多,主要表现为对患者心血管系统、神经系统的损伤,且可能与治疗心脏病的药物发生反应,如延迟QT 间期、引起血压波动等,大大限制了该类药物的使用[
1.1.1 西医诊断标准
高血压诊断标准参照《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》[
1.1.2 中医辨证标准
参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》[
1.2.1 纳入标准
符合上述高血压诊断标准;由专业心理咨询师对患者进行心理健康状态问卷调查,符合上述焦虑状态的诊断标准;符合上述中医阴虚阳亢证辨证标准;既往曾口服抗焦虑药物,但出现不耐受情况;年龄在35~85岁,性别不限;临床观察期间停服其他同类中药及中成药;能配合填写相关问卷或量表;知情同意,自愿参加本研究。
1.2.2 排除标准
美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级>Ⅲ级者;高血压控制不佳(服降压药后血压>170/105 mmHg)者;伴有急性心肌梗死、不稳定性心绞痛者;伴有重度心律失常(如持续性快速房颤、房扑、频发室早或室速)者;合并其他系统重度原发性疾病者;合并糖尿病且血糖控制不佳或糖尿病酮症酸中毒者;合并严重精神疾病(如伴有惊恐、幻觉或自杀行为等)者;对本试验药物过敏者;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女,以及近1年有备孕计划的育龄期男女。
纳入病例为2020年8月至2022年7月就诊于上海中医药大学附属曙光医院门诊或病房的高血压合并焦虑状态且对抗焦虑药物不耐受的患者,共计74例,采用随机数字表分为治疗组和对照组,每组各37例。本研究已通过上海中医药大学附属曙光医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审批号:2020-913-122-02),本研究临床注册号为ChiCTR2000040386。
所有患者均给予常规降压药物治疗,包括β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等。嘱患者规律作息、健康饮食。
1.4.1 治疗组
在上述常规降压治疗基础上,治疗组患者给予中药复方定眩舒郁方口服。定眩舒郁方药物组成:天麻9 g,钩藤12 g,石决明30 g,黄芩12 g,栀子9 g,杜仲12 g,牛膝12 g,生地黄12 g,百合12 g,合欢皮12 g,酸枣仁9 g;服法:每日1剂,水煎取汁,每次1袋(约150 mL),每日2次,早晚餐后服用,药物汤剂由上海中医药大学附属曙光医院药剂科提供。治疗周期为4周。
1.4.2 对照组
在上述常规降压治疗基础上,对照组患者给予安慰剂汤剂口服。安慰剂由10%剂量的定眩舒郁方加矫味剂、焦糖色素等组成,制成水煎剂,与治疗组汤剂的外观、体积、颜色等基本一致,由上海中医药大学附属曙光医院药剂科按照相关标准统一制备,服用方法同“治疗组”。治疗周期为4周。
1.5.1 焦虑程度评估
治疗前后采用GAD-7及HAMA评价患者的焦虑程度。①GAD-7包含7个项目,各项目分值为0~3分,总计21分。轻度焦虑为5~9分,中度焦虑为10~14分,重度焦虑为15~21分。②HAMA总分<7分为正常,7~14分为焦虑状态,14~21分为肯定焦虑。
1.5.2 血压评估
治疗前后,检测并比较两组患者的血压。患者静坐10 min后,采用立式水银柱血压计测量血压,测量3次取平均值,即为患者的血压水平。
1.5.3 睡眠状况评估
治疗前后采用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)评价患者的睡眠情况。SRSS共包含10个项目,总计50分,评分越高提示睡眠状况越差。
1.5.4 中医证候积分
中医证候包括眩晕、头痛、易哭易怒、情绪不宁、心悸、失眠、口干、便秘、腰酸、耳鸣、盗汗、赤溲、五心烦热等,按照无0分、轻微1分、时发时止2分、持续或较严重3分分别计分,比较两组患者的中医证候总积分。
1.5.5 安全性评价
治疗过程中,监测所有患者的肝肾功能指标及心电图等,并记录与治疗相关的不良反应事件发生情况,评价治疗的安全性。
采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料用例数或百分比表示,采用卡方检验。符合正态分布的计量资料用ˉx±s表示,采用t检验;非正态分布计量资料用中位数(25%四分位数,75%四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,采用非参数检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
两组患者的性别构成、年龄及高血压药物使用情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见
项目 | 治疗组(n=37) | 对照组(n=37) |
---|---|---|
性别[例(%)] | ||
男性 | 17(45.9) | 15(40.5) |
女性 | 20(54.1) | 22(59.5) |
年龄(ˉx±s,岁) | 61.24±11.55 | 65.51±11.22 |
高血压药物使用情况[例(%)] | ||
血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 | 2(5.4) | 0(0) |
血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂 | 8(21.6) | 10(27.0) |
β受体阻滞剂 | 11(29.7) | 13(35.2) |
钙离子通道阻滞剂 | 7(18.9) | 5(13.5) |
利尿剂 | 0(0) | 2(5.4) |
沙库巴曲缬沙坦 | 1(2.7) | 0(0) |
血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂+利尿剂 | 3(8.2) | 2(5.4) |
血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂+钙离子通道阻滞剂 | 5(13.5) | 5(13.5) |
治疗前,两组患者的GAD-7评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的GAD-7评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 37 | 9.38±2.49 | 4.78±2.00**## |
对照组 | 37 | 9.00±2.48 | 8.54±2.47 |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。
治疗前,两组患者的HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的HAMA评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 37 | 14.70±3.77 | 7.84±3.71**## |
对照组 | 37 | 14.92±3.44 | 13.78±3.51 |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。
治疗前,两组患者的SRSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的SRSS评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 37 | 23.49±5.95 | 14.38±3.86**## |
对照组 | 37 | 20.86±6.95 | 19.41±7.00 |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。
治疗前,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且低于对照组(P<0.05);而对照组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见
组 别 | 时点 | 收缩压 | 舒张压 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 (n=37) | 治疗前 | 155(145,160) | 90(85,95) |
治疗后 | 140(135,150)*# | 85(80,90)*# | |
对照组 (n=37) | 治疗前 | 150(145,155) | 95(85,100) |
治疗后 | 150(140,155) | 95(90,95) |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,#P<0.05。
治疗前,两组患者的中医证候总积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的中医证候总积分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的总积分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 37 | 19.76±5.28 | 8.70±3.70**## |
对照组 | 37 | 20.86±5.57 | 18.89±5.46 |
注: 与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。
治疗期间,所有患者均未出现不良反应事件和安全性指标异常,药物安全性良好。
研究表明,高血压人群产生焦虑情绪的概率与高血压患病率呈正相关[
在中医理论中,高血压合并焦虑状态的核心病位在心、肝两脏,累及肾水,属“眩晕”“郁证”范畴。心、肝受损,功能紊乱,肝不疏泄、心不养神则常出现眩晕头痛、善恐易惊、心神不宁等表现,累及肾脏则见五心烦热、入睡困难等[
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