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Clinical observation of Dingxuan Shuyu Formula in treatment of hypertension combined with anxiety of yin⁃deficiency and yang⁃hyperactivity type
Clinical Research | Updated:2024-05-31
    • Clinical observation of Dingxuan Shuyu Formula in treatment of hypertension combined with anxiety of yin⁃deficiency and yang⁃hyperactivity type

    • TAO Liyu

      ,  

      FANG Manqian

      ,  

      LU Hao

      ,  
    • Academic Journal of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine   Vol. 38, Issue 3, Pages: 35-39(2024)
    • DOI:10.16306/j.1008-861x.2024.03.005    

      CLC:
    • Published:25 May 2024

      Received:10 January 2024

      Revised:19 March 2024

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  • TAO Liyu,FANG Manqian,LU Hao.Clinical observation of Dingxuan Shuyu Formula in treatment of hypertension combined with anxiety of yin⁃deficiency and yang⁃hyperactivity type[J].Academic Journal of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2024,38(03):35-39. DOI: 10.16306/j.1008-861x.2024.03.005.

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    Abstract

    Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Dingxuan Shuyu Decoction in treating patients of hypertension combined with anxiety.

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    Methods

    A total of 74 patients of hypertension combined with anxiety with type of yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity, who were intolerance to anxiolytics, were included, and randomly divided into treatment group and a control group, 37 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were given conventional antihypertensive drugs. Based on above, the patients in the treatment group were orally treated with Dingxuan Shuyu Formula, and the patients in the control group were orally treated with placebo, with a course of 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and self-rating sleep scale (SRSS), and the total scores of traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome in the two groups were evaluated and compared, and the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the patients in both groups were detected.

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    Results

    After treatment, the scores of GAD-7, HAMA and SRSS, and the total scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group were also decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).

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    Conclusion

    Dingxuan Shuyu Formula has good clinical effect in the treatment of hypertension combined with anxiety. It can improve the anxiety and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of the patients, and decrease the blood pressure, with good safety.

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    Keywords

    hypertension; anxiety state; insomnia; Dingxuan Shuyu Formula; integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine

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    焦虑等心理问题对心血管疾病的发生、发展影响日益增大,这与“双心医学”理论不谋而合

    1。研究表明,高血压患者比健康人群更易出现焦虑和失眠2-3,同时心理障碍也是高血压的独立危险因素4。血压升高与心理问题可相互影响,血压升高是焦虑、抑郁等心理问题的主要躯体化表现,而长期过重的焦虑等负性情绪亦会导致或加重血压升高5。两者相互影响的机制与神经激素相关:高血压患者由于血压不稳定,大脑顶叶和右侧前额叶区域的代谢减弱,杏仁核/海马和左侧前额叶区域的反应增强,导致情绪异常5;而部分高血压患者因过度关注自身的血压情况,反复测量,亦会导致自身情绪紧张、焦虑,焦虑会抑制迷走神经、兴奋交感神经,使自主神经功能改变,儿茶酚胺类激素激增,最终导致心率加快、血压升高6
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    在中医学中,高血压可归属于“眩晕”范畴,焦虑可归属于“郁证”范畴,高血压伴焦虑可归为“郁证性眩晕”范畴,临床表现主要有眩晕、心神不宁、心悸、失眠等

    7。“无虚不作眩”,眩晕的发病多以阴虚为本,阴虚无以制阳,证见肝阳上亢。郁证的发生亦与肝脏相关,肝藏魂、主疏泄,肝气不疏则化为郁。眩晕日久,病情迁延累及肾阴,肾阴亏虚则水不涵木,阴不制阳,上扰神明,则发为郁证,临床可见易哭易怒、失眠等症;郁证日久不得舒,郁而化火,虚火上浮,则可加重肝阳上亢,发为眩晕。
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    对于高血压伴焦虑的治疗,临床除给予降压药治疗外,常选用抗焦虑抑郁药物(如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、苯二氮䓬类药物等)进行干预。然而,抗焦虑抑郁药物的副作用较多,主要表现为对患者心血管系统、神经系统的损伤,且可能与治疗心脏病的药物发生反应,如延迟QT 间期、引起血压波动等,大大限制了该类药物的使用

    8。中药具有安全有效且副作用少的优势,研究表明多种中药能够缓解焦虑、疏肝解郁9。本研究所采用的定眩舒郁方由经典方天麻钩藤饮合百合地黄汤加减化裁而来,具有疏肝解郁、滋阴潜阳、宁心安神之效,临床常用于治疗阴虚阳亢型高血压合并焦虑状态的患者,疗效较佳。为客观评价该方的临床疗效,本研究以高血压合并焦虑状态且对抗焦虑药物不耐受的患者为研究对象,采用定眩舒郁方结合常规降压药物治疗,现将相关结果报道如下。
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    1 资料与方法

    1.1 诊断标准

    1.1.1 西医诊断标准

    高血压诊断标准参照《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》

    10拟定,具体如下:在未使用降压药物的情况下,非同日3次测量血压,收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg,或已服用降压药物的高血压患者。焦虑状态诊断标准参照《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》11推荐的量化评估标准拟定,具体如下:广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)评分≥5分且≤14分,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分≥7分且≤21分。抗焦虑药物不能耐受诊断标准如下:既往服用抗焦虑西药后,出现肝肾功能不全、心律失常或心脏传导阻滞、谵妄、昏迷、头晕、震颤、视物模糊、青光眼发作等不耐受情况。
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    1.1.2 中医辨证标准

    参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》

    12拟定阴虚阳亢证辨证标准。主症:眩晕、头痛、易怒易哭、情绪不宁;次症:心悸、失眠、口干、便秘、腰酸、耳鸣、盗汗、溲赤、五心烦热;舌、脉象:舌红少苔,脉弦细数。具备主症和次症各3项及以上,结合舌、脉象,即可明确辨证。
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    1.2 纳入与排除标准

    1.2.1 纳入标准

    符合上述高血压诊断标准;由专业心理咨询师对患者进行心理健康状态问卷调查,符合上述焦虑状态的诊断标准;符合上述中医阴虚阳亢证辨证标准;既往曾口服抗焦虑药物,但出现不耐受情况;年龄在35~85岁,性别不限;临床观察期间停服其他同类中药及中成药;能配合填写相关问卷或量表;知情同意,自愿参加本研究。

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    1.2.2 排除标准

    美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级>Ⅲ级者;高血压控制不佳(服降压药后血压>170/105 mmHg)者;伴有急性心肌梗死、不稳定性心绞痛者;伴有重度心律失常(如持续性快速房颤、房扑、频发室早或室速)者;合并其他系统重度原发性疾病者;合并糖尿病且血糖控制不佳或糖尿病酮症酸中毒者;合并严重精神疾病(如伴有惊恐、幻觉或自杀行为等)者;对本试验药物过敏者;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女,以及近1年有备孕计划的育龄期男女。

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    1.3 一般资料

    纳入病例为2020年8月至2022年7月就诊于上海中医药大学附属曙光医院门诊或病房的高血压合并焦虑状态且对抗焦虑药物不耐受的患者,共计74例,采用随机数字表分为治疗组和对照组,每组各37例。本研究已通过上海中医药大学附属曙光医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审批号:2020-913-122-02),本研究临床注册号为ChiCTR2000040386。

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    1.4 治疗方法

    所有患者均给予常规降压药物治疗,包括β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等。嘱患者规律作息、健康饮食。

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    1.4.1 治疗组

    在上述常规降压治疗基础上,治疗组患者给予中药复方定眩舒郁方口服。定眩舒郁方药物组成:天麻9 g,钩藤12 g,石决明30 g,黄芩12 g,栀子9 g,杜仲12 g,牛膝12 g,生地黄12 g,百合12 g,合欢皮12 g,酸枣仁9 g;服法:每日1剂,水煎取汁,每次1袋(约150 mL),每日2次,早晚餐后服用,药物汤剂由上海中医药大学附属曙光医院药剂科提供。治疗周期为4周。

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    1.4.2 对照组

    在上述常规降压治疗基础上,对照组患者给予安慰剂汤剂口服。安慰剂由10%剂量的定眩舒郁方加矫味剂、焦糖色素等组成,制成水煎剂,与治疗组汤剂的外观、体积、颜色等基本一致,由上海中医药大学附属曙光医院药剂科按照相关标准统一制备,服用方法同“治疗组”。治疗周期为4周。

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    1.5 观察项目及方法

    1.5.1 焦虑程度评估

    治疗前后采用GAD-7及HAMA评价患者的焦虑程度。①GAD-7包含7个项目,各项目分值为0~3分,总计21分。轻度焦虑为5~9分,中度焦虑为10~14分,重度焦虑为15~21分。②HAMA总分<7分为正常,7~14分为焦虑状态,14~21分为肯定焦虑。

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    1.5.2 血压评估

    治疗前后,检测并比较两组患者的血压。患者静坐10 min后,采用立式水银柱血压计测量血压,测量3次取平均值,即为患者的血压水平。

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    1.5.3 睡眠状况评估

    治疗前后采用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)评价患者的睡眠情况。SRSS共包含10个项目,总计50分,评分越高提示睡眠状况越差。

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    1.5.4 中医证候积分

    中医证候包括眩晕、头痛、易哭易怒、情绪不宁、心悸、失眠、口干、便秘、腰酸、耳鸣、盗汗、赤溲、五心烦热等,按照无0分、轻微1分、时发时止2分、持续或较严重3分分别计分,比较两组患者的中医证候总积分。

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    1.5.5 安全性评价

    治疗过程中,监测所有患者的肝肾功能指标及心电图等,并记录与治疗相关的不良反应事件发生情况,评价治疗的安全性。

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    1.6 统计学方法

    采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料用例数或百分比表示,采用卡方检验。符合正态分布的计量资料用ˉx±s表示,采用t检验;非正态分布计量资料用中位数(25%四分位数,75%四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示,采用非参数检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

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    2 结果

    2.1 基线资料比较

    两组患者的性别构成、年龄及高血压药物使用情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1

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    表1  两组患者的基线资料比较
    Tab. 1  Comparison of baseline data between the two groups
    项目治疗组(n=37)对照组(n=37)
    性别[例(%)]
    男性 17(45.9) 15(40.5)
    女性 20(54.1) 22(59.5)
    年龄(ˉx±s,岁) 61.24±11.55 65.51±11.22
    高血压药物使用情况[例(%)]
    血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 2(5.4) 0(0)
    血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂 8(21.6) 10(27.0)
    β受体阻滞剂 11(29.7) 13(35.2)
    钙离子通道阻滞剂 7(18.9) 5(13.5)
    利尿剂 0(0) 2(5.4)
    沙库巴曲缬沙坦 1(2.7) 0(0)
    血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂+利尿剂 3(8.2) 2(5.4)
    血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体拮抗剂+钙离子通道阻滞剂 5(13.5) 5(13.5)
    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.2 GAD⁃7评分比较

    治疗前,两组患者的GAD-7评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的GAD-7评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2

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    表2  两组患者的GAD⁃7评分比较(ˉx±s,分)
    Tab. 2  Comparison of GAD⁃7 scores between the two groups (ˉx±s, scores)
    组 别n治疗前治疗后
    治疗组 37 9.38±2.49 4.78±2.00**##
    对照组 37 9.00±2.48 8.54±2.47

    注:  与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。

    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.3 HAMA评分比较

    治疗前,两组患者的HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的HAMA评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3

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    表3  两组患者的HAMA评分比较(ˉx±s,分)
    Tab. 3  Comparison of HAMA scores between the two groups (ˉx±s, scores)
    组 别n治疗前治疗后
    治疗组 37 14.70±3.77 7.84±3.71**##
    对照组 37 14.92±3.44 13.78±3.51

    注:  与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。

    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.4 SRSS评分比较

    治疗前,两组患者的SRSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的SRSS评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的评分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表4

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    表4  两组患者的SRSS评分比较(ˉx±s,分)
    Tab. 4  Comparison of SRSS scores between the two groups (ˉx±s, scores)
    组 别n治疗前治疗后
    治疗组 37 23.49±5.95 14.38±3.86**##
    对照组 37 20.86±6.95 19.41±7.00

    注:  与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。

    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.5 血压水平比较

    治疗前,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且低于对照组(P<0.05);而对照组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表5

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    表5  两组患者的血压水平比较[MP25P75),mmHg]
    Tab. 5  Comparison of blood pressure levels between the two groups [MP25P75), mmHg]
    组 别时点收缩压舒张压

    治疗组

    n=37)

    治疗前 155(145,160) 90(85,95)
    治疗后 140(135,150)*# 85(80,90)*#

    对照组

    n=37)

    治疗前 150(145,155) 95(85,100)
    治疗后 150(140,155) 95(90,95)

    注:  与本组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,#P<0.05。

    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.6 中医证候总积分比较

    治疗前,两组患者的中医证候总积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的中医证候总积分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.01);而对照组患者的总积分与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表6

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    表6  两组患者的中医证候总积分比较(ˉx±s,分)
    Tab. 6  Comparison of total scores of TCM syndromes between the two groups (ˉx±s, scores)
    组 别n治疗前治疗后
    治疗组 37 19.76±5.28 8.70±3.70**##
    对照组 37 20.86±5.57 18.89±5.46

    注:  与本组治疗前比较,**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较,##P<0.01。

    icon Download:  CSV icon Download:  Table Images

    2.7 安全性评价

    治疗期间,所有患者均未出现不良反应事件和安全性指标异常,药物安全性良好。

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    3 讨论

    研究表明,高血压人群产生焦虑情绪的概率与高血压患病率呈正相关

    13;同样,焦虑人群血压波动的幅度与情绪波动及心理压力密切相关,轻度焦虑患者以收缩压升高为主,血压整体波动幅度较小,而重度焦虑患者则表现为收缩压及舒张压均升高,血压整体波动幅度较为剧烈14。西医学认为,高血压与焦虑情绪之间相互联系的生理、病理机制可能与基因多态化、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴亢进、自主神经功能失调、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统激活及焦虑所导致的不良生活方式等有关15;同时,包含肿瘤坏死因子和白介素等在内的炎症细胞因子在其中也发挥了重要作用16。临床中,抗焦虑药物具有较多的副作用,故焦虑疾病的治疗面临一定困境,中医药因其安全有效而受到越来越多的关注。
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    在中医理论中,高血压合并焦虑状态的核心病位在心、肝两脏,累及肾水,属“眩晕”“郁证”范畴。心、肝受损,功能紊乱,肝不疏泄、心不养神则常出现眩晕头痛、善恐易惊、心神不宁等表现,累及肾脏则见五心烦热、入睡困难等

    17。研究发现,阴虚阳亢证是高血压合并焦虑的主要证型18。因此,调治心肝、滋阴潜阳为高血压合并焦虑的治疗关键所在。本研究所选用的定眩舒郁方由经典方剂天麻钩藤饮合百合地黄汤加减化裁而来。天麻钩藤饮为平肝熄风的经典代表方,对阴虚阳亢证高血压患者疗效确切,可有效缓解患者头痛、眩晕、失眠等症状19;实验研究表明,百合地黄汤适用于情志病或神经精神系统疾病,可有效调节情绪,临床疗效显著且无明显不良反应,安全性高20。定眩舒郁方由以上两方化裁而成,共奏疏肝解郁、滋阴潜阳、宁心安神之效,可达双心同调之目的。本研究结果显示,治疗组患者的GAD-7、HAMA、SRSS评分及中医证候总积分、随机血压水平较治疗前均显著降低,且低于对照组;同时,对照组患者的上述指标水平未见明显变化。上述结果提示,定眩舒郁方治疗高血压合并焦虑状态具有较好的临床疗效,在改善患者焦虑情绪的同时,能够降低患者的血压,改善中医证候,且安全性良好。
    transl

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