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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture combined with pudendal nerve block in anal fistula operation.
One hundred and twenty patients undergoing anal fistula operation were taken as subjects, and were randomly divided into the experimental group (electroacupuncture at Baliao acupoint combined with pudendal nerve block) and the control group (spinal anesthesia), 60 cases in each group. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) before and after operation, the time of operation, the time of the first postoperative pain, the grade of postoperative pain and the postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, and the safety was evaluated at the same time.
①There was no significant difference in preoperative and intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the experimental group (P>0.05), and the intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the control group were lower than those before operation (P<0.05). ②There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups (P>0.05). The occurrence time of the first postoperative pain in the experimental group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). ③At 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation, the degree of pain in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. ④The incidence rates of postoperative urinary retention and nausea and vomiting in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group.
The anesthetic method of electroacupuncture at Baliao acupoint combined with pudendal nerve block can meet the needs of analgesia and anal relaxation required by operation, with no circulatory fluctuation, but longer analgesia time and better motor function, which could promote the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).
肛瘘是临床上常见的、多发的肛肠疾病[
针刺镇痛具有安全、无创、操作简便、效果确切等优点,被广泛应用在临床不同病症的镇痛治疗中。会阴神经阻滞具有镇痛效果好、运动功能影响小等特点。近年来本课题组在肛瘘手术中广泛采用了电针复合阴部神经阻滞的麻醉方式,效果良好,有效地解决了术中和术后的疼痛问题,并减少了相关麻醉并发症的发生,现报道如下。
1.1.1 纳入标准
符合《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[
1.1.2 排除标准
伴有消化道感染性疾病、精神病、糖尿病、严重心脑血管疾病患者;患有严重过敏、凝血机能障碍者;孕妇、月经期妇女;合并有特异性感染、恶性肿瘤病史者;伴有肛周湿疹及其他肛周疾病者。
纳入病例为2019年7月至2020年6月在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院行肛瘘手术患者,共计120例,年龄18~65岁,ASA评级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,体质量45~90 kg,无药物过敏史。将120例患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组60例。
所有患者术前禁食6小时,进入手术室后吸氧,常规监测心率(HR)、血压(BP)、心电图(ECG)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)。脊麻由麻醉医师操作,阴部神经阻滞由临床医师操作。
1.3.1 试验组
患者取侧卧位,电针干预八髎穴,使用韩氏电针刺激仪(HANS,LH202H,北京),电针频率选用2Hz[
1.3.2 对照组
患者取侧卧位,于L3-L4椎间隙行穿刺进针,麻药采用0.5%布比卡因1~1.5 ml,向下注药,给药速度缓慢,5 min后疼痛消失平面稳定在T12-S5水平,术后2 h后一般可下降至S1-S5水平。
观察术中循环情况、手术操作时间、术后第一次疼痛的时间、术后各时段的疼痛分级,以及术后急性出血、尿潴留、恶心呕吐、低血压和体温异常情况。其中最大疼痛分级参照WHO疼痛分级标准,根据患者反应和医务人员的评估进行测定。0级:无痛或稍感不适;I级:轻度疼痛,可忍受;Ⅱ级:明显疼痛,可忍受;Ⅲ级:剧烈疼痛,不能忍受[
运用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据统计分析。计量资料以ˉx±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。等级计数资料采用秩合检验,非等级计数资料采用χ2检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
本试验共纳入患者120例,两组患者的年龄、性别、体质量、BMI指数的基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见
项目 | A组(n=60) | B组(n=60) |
---|---|---|
性别(男/女) | 32/28 | 34/26 |
年龄(ˉx±s,岁) | 42.22±13.29 | 40.83±10.27 |
体质量(ˉx±s,kg) | 59.58±9.16 | 60.39±8.34 |
BMI指数(ˉx±s,kg/m2) | 23.76±2.54 | 24.12±1.97 |
两组患者术前平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)基线水平均没有差异(P>0.05)。试验组术前、术中平均动脉压和心率均没有显著性差异(P>0.05),对照组术中平均动脉压和心率比术前均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见
组 别 | 时点 | 平均动脉压(mmHg) | 心率(次/min) |
---|---|---|---|
试验组 (n=60) | 术前 | 102.9±3.04 | 76.91±2.40 |
术中 | 101.3±2.98 | 79.65±3.11 | |
对照组 (n=60) | 术前 | 98.32±2.66 | 78.41±1.84 |
术中 | 85.69±3.12* | 71.87±2.62* |
注: 与对照组术前比较,*P<0.05
两组手术时间无明显差异(P>0.05),试验组术后第一次疼痛的发生时间相比对照组明显延长(P<0.05)。见
组 别 | n | 手术时间(min) | 术后发生第一次疼痛的时间(h) |
---|---|---|---|
试验组 | 60 | 23.17±3.71 | 13.53±1.82* |
对照组 | 60 | 24.32±3.84 | 6.31±1.9 |
注: 与对照组比较,*P<0.05
术后6 h、12 h、24 h,试验组患者多数表现为无痛或轻度疼痛;而对照组中度疼痛患者比例明显增加。见
组别 | n | 观察时点 | 0级 | 1级 | 2级 | 3级 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
试验组 | 60 | 6 h | 46 | 9 | 4 | 1 |
12 h | 42 | 13 | 4 | 1 | ||
24 h | 34 | 19 | 5 | 2 | ||
48 h | 28 | 23 | 7 | 2 | ||
对照组 | 60 | 6 h | 34 | 12 | 11 | 3 |
12 h | 30 | 14 | 11 | 5 | ||
24 h | 26 | 15 | 13 | 6 | ||
48 h | 26 | 17 | 12 | 5 |
术后对照组有1例患者出现急性出血,试验组无急性出血病例。对照组有8例患者发生尿潴留,行导尿治疗,试验组有2例患者发生尿潴留。对照组有7例患者出现恶心、呕吐,试验组只有1例。对照组有4例发生低血压,试验组有1例。两组均无体温异常患者。见
组 别 | n | 术后急性出血 | 尿潴留 | 恶心、 呕吐 | 低血压 | 体温 异常 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
试验组 | 60 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
对照组 | 60 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
两组术中均未出现危及生命的紧急事件。术中生命体征监测及术后随访,两组无病例出现局麻药中毒症状。
肛瘘作为肛周感染性疾病的重要代表,手术切除是其主要治疗手段。其中高位肛瘘手术存在手术部位较深、创面较大,肛门括约肌功能损伤可能、术后愈合时间长以及术后疼痛程度高等特点。为满足手术需求,需要麻醉后肛门松弛,利于术野的暴露、减少术中出血;术中术后镇痛效果确切,可降低患者的应激水平,并且尽可能不影响患者术后早期活动。目前,局部浸润麻醉和椎管内麻醉都能安全用于肛瘘手术,但仍存在一定缺陷,比如镇痛时间短暂、超量局麻药的使用、局麻时多次注药患者体验欠佳,以及椎管内麻醉后制动需求和排尿排便困难等[
阴部神经阻滞技术是一项相对成熟的局部麻醉技术,多应用于妇产科手术[
针刺疗法已逐渐受到国际认可和关注[
本研究将电针八髎穴与阴部神经阻滞联合用于肛瘘手术,结果证实试验组完全可以满足手术中镇痛的需求,并且术中血流动力学稳定,未见局麻药中毒和低体温的发生。相较于单纯脊麻,试验组术后第一次疼痛的发生时间明显延迟,并且中重度疼痛患者更少,说明试验组术后镇痛持续时间更长,疼痛程度低。原因可能在于电针刺激穴位通过促进体内内源性镇痛物质释放加强了镇痛效果;电针发挥了超前镇痛的作用和电针后效应[
综上所述,电针八髎穴联合阴部神经阻滞的麻醉方式,可满足手术所需的镇痛和肛门松弛需求,不引起循环波动,并且术后可以维持更长的镇痛时间,更优的运动功能,促进患者快速康复(ERAS)[
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